Miscarriage is a heartbreaking experience for many couples, but there are proactive steps that can reduce the risk. Although it is sometimes very hard to determine the exact cause, the latest studies have revealed that there are several behavioral and clinical changes that can minimize chances of developing this condition. Below are the practical guidelines based on recent research in an endeavor to increase the chances of pregnancy success and decrease the occurrence of miscarriage.
Lifestyle Changes for Women
The choice of a proper diet and regular physical exercises should be among the major goals of any woman aiming for a healthy lifestyle. Here are some important lifestyle changes that should be followed:
Optimizing Diet and Nutrition
There are a number of factors that can contribute to general wellbeing. A healthy diet is very important in order to minimize the occurrence of the risk factors that lead to miscarriages. Studies also reveal that women who take foods with vitamin A, C, and fiber-rich fruits and vegetables have low chances of miscarriage. Indeed, eating more fruits has been associated with a 60% lower risk of miscarriage. Vegetables and cereals also contribute to a healthy pregnancy.
- Key Nutrients:
- Folate: Start folic acid supplements (400 mg) at least three months before conception and continue throughout the first trimester to prevent neural tube defects.
- Vitamin D: Given the connection between vitamin D deficiency and miscarriage, it’s advisable to test your levels and supplement if needed.
Avoiding harmful substances
Certain lifestyle habits can increase the risk of miscarriage, and it’s important to minimize exposure to these risks:
- Caffeine: Limit your daily intake to less than 150 mg (about one cup of coffee), as higher levels are linked to an increased risk of miscarriage.
- Smoking and Alcohol: Both active smoking and passive exposure to cigarette smoke can elevate miscarriage risk. Likewise, even modest alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk.
Maintaining a Healthy Weight
According to various studies, the ideal weight for pregnancy should be within a BMI range of 18.5 and 24.9. The probability of having a miscarriage is high in women who are underweight or overweight. If your BMI falls outside this range, speak to your doctor about how you can lose weight in order to come within the healthy weight range before you start trying to conceive.
Managing Stress and Sleep
Stress and lack of proper sleep can impact pregnancy. Although the relationship between stress and miscarriage is not clearly explained, a decrease in stress through relaxation methods and enough sleep of about 7–8 hours a day can improve the pregnancy results.
Lifestyle Changes for Men
Diet and Sperm Quality
Another factor that is important in an effort to lower miscarriages is men’s health. A proper diet that consists of plenty of sea foods, poultry products, nuts, whole grain products, fruits, and vegetables would enhance the quality of sperm.
- Smoking and Alcohol: Smoking should be avoided by men to drastically reduce miscarriage risk. Similarly, alcohol consumption should be limited, and pregnant women are advised not to consume more than 10 drinks.
Medical Interventions
Below are some therapies that can prevent miscarriage and support pregnancy.
Progesterone Therapy
Some of the reasons why progestogen may be used include: progesterone is vital for the support of pregnancy; progestogen may be helpful for women who have threatened miscarriages, particularly if they have had a history of miscarriages; and women who experience bleeding during early pregnancy. Some research has suggested that using micronized vaginal progesterone may well help in raising the live birth chances, especially among those women who experienced multiple miscarriages beforehand.
Anticoagulation Therapy
Anticoagulation therapy is effective for women with acquired thrombophilia. A combination of low-dose aspirin and heparin is recommended to reduce miscarriage risk. However, it is advised not to prescribe this therapy to women without thrombophilia, as it can increase miscarriage risk.
Levothyroxine for Thyroid Conditions
Managing thyroid problems during pregnancy is crucial. Women with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) or thyroid autoimmunity should undergo levothyroxine treatment. Proper management of thyroid disorders, especially SCH, may help prevent miscarriages and improve pregnancy outcomes.
Other Considerations
- Metformin: Metformin may be useful for women with PCOS, especially if used before conception and during the first trimester. It has been linked to a reduction in premature miscarriage.
- Uterine Surgery: In cases where a woman has anatomical abnormalities of the uterus, surgery may be considered. However, recent studies suggest that surgery does not necessarily enhance fecundity.
Preventing miscarriage primarily requires lifestyle changes and appropriate medical treatment, depending on the cause. Expecting women and their partners should ensure they follow a healthy diet, maintain an ideal weight, reduce stress, and seek proper medical interventions to minimize miscarriage risk. Always consult your doctor to understand the best strategy for your situation, as early intervention is crucial for a healthy pregnancy.
References
- Dhillon-Smith, Melo, Kaur, et al., “Interventions to prevent miscarriage,” Fertility and Sterility, November 2023
