What Is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)? Should We Be Concerned?

Recent news reports of rising cases of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in northern China have sparked some alarm. However, experts assure us that the risk of a Covid-like pandemic are low.

What Is HMPV?

HMPV is a respiratory virus that causes symptoms similar to the flu or common cold. While the symptoms are usually mild, it can lead to complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia, particularly in vulnerable groups like the elderly, young children, and individuals who have weakened immune systems.

It was first identified in the Netherlands in 2001 and belongs to the same viral family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Its outbreaks tend to occur in colder seasons.

Why Is HMPV Making Headlines?

Northern China has seen a spike in HMPV cases, especially among children, resulting in local health authorities to recommend better hygiene practices. However, officials and experts have dismissed claims of overwhelmed hospitals and fears of a pandemic similar to cronovavirus.

“Respiratory infections typically peak during winter,” said Mao Ning, spokesperson for China’s foreign ministry. She emphasized that the current wave appears milder than the previous year’s.

Doctors and researchers are suggesting that improved diagnostic technology and increased public awareness may contribute to the apparent surge in cases. Dr. Jacqueline Stephens, a public health lecturer at Flinders University in Australia, noted that “people are now more cautious about outbreaks, and terms like human metapneumovirus can sound alarming.”

How Severe Is HMPV?

HMPV symptoms often resemble those of the common cold or flu and are typically self-limiting. According to Dr. Stephens, HMPV is not classified as a notifiable disease like Covid-19 or influenza, due to its relatively common and less severe nature.

However, the virus can cause severe illnesses, such as pneumonia, requiring attention and care in high-risk groups.

High-Risk Groups – Who Is Most at Risk?

HMPV poses the greatest threat to:

• Elderly individuals
• Very young children
• Immunocompromised people

“It can cause severe disease, which is why it’s important to be aware of it,” said Prof. Paul Griffin, Director of Infectious Diseases at Mater Health Services in Brisbane.

Should We Be Worried?

HMPV is different from Covid-19 in critical ways. While Covid-19 was a novel virus with no prior immunity in humans, HMPV has been circulating for decades, meaning most people have some level of immunity from past infections.

“I don’t think we’re concerned about a pandemic with this virus,” said Griffin, “but the surge in cases and its impact are significant.” He emphasized the importance of learning from the pandemic to minimize spread, especially since there are currently no vaccines or antivirals for HMPV.

How is Human Metapneumovirus Diagnosed?

Healthcare providers usually diagnose HMPV based on the symptoms and health history. They might use a swab to get a sample from your nose or throat. Your doctor may order a lab test of the sample for viruses and other infections. However, please know that you probably won’t be tested for HMPV unless you have serious symptoms.

Your doctor may also do a bronchoscopy or chest X-rays to look for changes in the airways of your lungs.

What Can We Do?

Experts recommend simple, effective precautions to reduce transmission:

• Stay home if you’re sick.
• Practice good cough and sneeze etiquette.
• Maintain hand hygiene.
• Consider wearing a mask in public if unwell.

Dr. Griffin added, “We don’t need harsh restrictions, but these basic measures can help protect high-risk individuals.”

As respiratory illnesses peak during the winter season, increased awareness and preventive actions can help in mitigating the impact of HMPV.